Teenage Pregnancy - 1812 Words

Teenage Pregnancy I. Introduction Teenage pregnancy is one of the major problem that the world is facing today. Early pregnancy or teenage pregnancy is dangerous to teenage girls’ health because it may cause cervical cancer, aids, and eventually death. Teenage pregnancies are often associated with an increased rate of delinquent behaviors including alcohol and substance abuse. To begin with, majority of them belong to the low income group. To prevent this dilemma, there are some preventions that can reduce the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. Firstly, parents must keep them at home with an intact family set-up, secondly, they must keep them at school, third, keep talking to them, and lastly, they must keep them morally and†¦show more content†¦The best way to avoid teen pregnancy is by avoiding or abstaining from sex before marriage. III. Body Teenage pregnancy is a widespread issue in the Philippines, especially amongst the poor and it is an obvious rising issue in our society. Teaching sex education in schools can at least reduce the rising rate of teenage pregnancy. Sex education aims to reduce the risks of potentially negative outcomes from sexual behavior such as unplanned pregnancy and infection with sexually transmitted disease including HIV. Comprehensive Sexuality Education and the Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage are the two different types of sex education classes. The program that starts in kindergarten and finishes up to high school is the Comprehensive Sexuality Education that tackles the appropriate sexuality topics, safe sex, STDs, contraceptives and more. On the other hand, the Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage focuses on all sexual behaviors and it doesn’t tackle the information of contraceptives, STDs and more. Sex education should also be taught at home. As parents they provide sex education for thei r children. Each mother and father should teach their children about sex through attitudes, behavior and verbal comments. To be a good parent is a very difficult job, they need to make an effort to allow to talk about sex to enter normally in conversation. One way they can help with this is through honest and meaningfulShow MoreRelatedTeenage Pregnancy2330 Words   |  10 PagesAdolescent pregnancy is considered as a pregnancy in a female who is less than 20 years of age at the end of the pregnancy. It can occur in a fertile female either at puberty before the occurrence of her first menstrual period, or after the first period. The first menstrual period in nourished girls occurs at around 12 or 13 years of age. Pregnant teenagers experience many issues similar to other women. However, there would be other medical issues for mothers under 15 years. Teenage mothers ofRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy2089 Words   |  9 Pageswas at a store when I came across a very young girl. She must have been no older than seventeen, but was so obviously pregnant. This did not surprise me since this is something common here in the Imperial Valley; we have such a high rate of teen pregnancy. What really caught my attention was that she was not alone; she had in her cart a toddler that kept referring her to mom. All I could think of was that such a young girl should not be concerned with raising a child, especially not two. Most youngRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy2011 Words   |  9 Pagesproblems among teenagers is teen pregnancy. Throughout high school and college, teenagers are getting pregnant at an age they are incapable of taking care of a child. Along with hearing about teens getting pregnant, television shows are displaying it to you like 16 and Pregnant. Though the pregnancy rates have fallen over previous years, the United States still has the highest rates than any other Western industrialized country. Along with the teen pregnancies comes sexually transmitted diseasesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancies1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe amount of teenage pregnancies in America has skyrocketed in the last few decades. Young, uneducated children are having sexual intercourse without a clear understanding of the serious consequents behind their actions, but it is not entirely their fault because their parents and school’s curriculum have failed to bestow a clear and concise grasp of sex. Sexual education is typically incorporated into an academic setting either in middle school or high school when an adolescent is hitting pubertyRead MoreThe Factors Of Teenage Pregnancy1558 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is normally i dentified as a deprived life choice, for example, tasks of teenage parenting have long-term impact on the mental health of the mother and children (Statistics New Zealand, 2003). It is important to identify the socioeconomic factors of teenage pregnancy to lower the chances of mental health problems in young mothers. In this paper the aim is to analyse the main socioeconomic factors of teenage pregnancy and discuss how it affects the mental health of an adolescent motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy825 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy In 2014 Oklahoma City had the second highest teen birth rate in the United States at 38.5 pregnancies per 1000; the national average is 24.2 per 1000 (Grigson, 2016). Changing the health behaviors that lead to teenage pregnancy should be a #1 priority for healthcare workers and within the community. In order to have a positive impact on this target population, there needs to be increased awareness of the outcomes of teenage pregnancy, and more importantly how to change the healthRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Teens903 Words   |  4 Pagesmay make, on average, $20,000 to $40,000 a year. The reality of teenage pregnancies can cause many disturbances in an adolescent s life. High school pregnancies are not glitz and glamour like television may portray, in reality, expecting teenage mothers are not exposed to that fashionable life that most teenagers strive for. A student s normal like will be affected by problems with friends, family, and emotional experiences. Teenage friendships are what shapes a human into the people that they becomeRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other industrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a country’s economy, the mother andRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Isabel Terrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age

Infectious Bacterial Diarrhe Common Occurrence Among The...

MICROBIOLOGY2 Colitis Introduction Infectious bacterial diarrhea is a common occurrence among the elderly people, children, and the immunocompromised individuals. One of the major reasons behind the infectious diarrhea is the inflammation of the colon. Colitis is the inflammation of the colon resulting to symptoms such as diarrhea, tenesmus, fever, and severe abdominal pain. The common pathologic organisms responsible for the infection include Camphylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, and the Yersinia species (Papaconstantinou, Thomas, 2007). The initial infection of Camphylobacter, C, fetus, was discovered and described in 1947 after several cases appeared and it was isolated from blood (Loss, Mangla, Pereira, 1980). Later, the discovery of new identification techniques led to the isolation of other strains of the species. Currently, the identification has developed, leading to isolation of bacteria such as Camphylobacter and E. coli in culture techniques and other isolation techniques. Treatment of this d isease uses multidisciplinary approach of both antibiotics and supportive therapy. Epidemiology The epidemiology of the disease depends on the causative agent. E. coli virulence requires 10 to 100 organisms to cause a disease. An estimate of 70,000 people contract E. coli and approximately 60 deaths occur from this bacteria (Papaconstantinou, Thomas, 2007). The bacteria is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through consumption of contaminated food (66%)

Petrys View Of Victimization In The Street Essay Example For Students

Petrys View Of Victimization In The Street Essay Petrys View Of Victimization In The StreetIn The Street, by Ann Petry, Lutie and her son Bub, as well as most of the characters, are clearly portrayed as victims. One is ultimately led to believe that their victimization and the barriers they face are because of race. Race is clearly the main obstacle for Lutie and Bub. It is what holds them back from leaving ?the street?. Born into prejudice, they are basically prescribed a future. The three characters which best represent the victimization of African-Americans and women are Bub, Lutie, and Min. The main obstacle facing Lutie is obviously the color of her skin. This prevented her from being able to advance the way she wanted to. The fact that Lutie is a woman contributes to her struggle even further. Women have to deal with male dominance and being victimized by men, in addition to being a minority. Both Lutie and Min try to break free these constraints, but ultimately fail because the task lies deeper than within themselves. This s tory is a perfect example of the struggles African-Americans, and in particular, women, have to endure, and a perfect illustration of the vicious cycle that keeps them unable to achieve the lives that they wanted and worked so hard for. There was a force that was keeping African-Americans on the street, and according to Ann Petrys views, it was the system in which they were living. Lutie is faced with being a single parent. She must provide child care as well as earn money to keep her and her son alive. Her life is a double edged sword, because she needs to be at home and working at the same time: an impossible task. Because of these two factors and the invisible barriers they pose, it is impossible for Lutie to achieve the life she desires for herself and Bub. In the beginning of the story, Lutie was forced to take action and support her family because Jim could not find a job. She left her family and home and sent all her earnings to support them. In that time, it was hard enough for a woman to get a job, let alone an African-American woman. Petry contests that the most available job to them, was being a maid. Lutie was able to get a job working for the Chandlers. The portrayal of the Chandlers was a clear illustration of the racial divides at the time. Lutie was awestruck when she saw the lifestyle that they led. The luxuries they had would never be accessible to someone like Lutie. Although she admires their lifestyle, she loathes the impact money has on them. When Jonathan Chandler killed himself, it was then she realized that money was the only thing that this family had. She was interested in the way which money transformed a suicide she had seen committed from start to finish in front of her very eyes into an accident with a gun(Petry 54). It was then that she began to despise the family. The fact that African-Americans were dependent on whites for employment made it hard for them to ever be on the same level. They were dependent on the white race esse ntially, to live. The increasing dependence made it more difficult to ever overcome the dominance. The knowledge of this is what angers Lutie. Mom, why do white people want colored people shining shoes?(Petry 71). Deep down, she knew that no matter how hard she worked, she would never live the way they did. But she did not want the racist mind to bring her down. She began to blame the white race for the hardships she was enduring. I dont know, Bub, she said finally. But its for the same reason we cant live anywhere else but in places like this(Petry 72). She wanted to escape the street, and made a great effort. Theyd never catch her in their dirt trapShed fight her way out(Petry74). But later we learn that this resolve is to no avail. .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .postImageUrl , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:hover , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:visited , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:active { border:0!important; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:active , .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9 .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a3ac4c669846aae0cd4bcb712b2b2f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nazis and Nietzsche Essay Lutie wanted Bub to have a better life and rise above the street. She worked very hard to provide this for him. She could do it, too- bring him up so that he would be a fine, strong man(Petry 72). There is a double standard here, though. Lutie, raising Bub, alone was responsible for all aspects of Bubs life as well as her own. Many times Bub was forced to stay home alone because they could not afford a baby-sitter. This is evidence that the home is where the cycle of victimization hits the most. Bub is left home alone some nights, forced to care for himself. He realizes that his mother needs to work, so he attempts to be strong, but at the same time, he feels neglected. He was often frightened at night, and slept with the lights on to give him comfort. Those nights he lay awake in bed, trying to figure out a way he could earn money to help his mother. It occurred to him that she wouldnt mind the light being on if he could figure out some way of earning money so that he could help pay the electric bill(Petry 219). Lutie needs a job because she is a single mother and must support herself and Bub. The irony is that she is also supposed to be the caretaker and cannot find a balance, so Bub, fatherless, spent many nights alone forced to take care of himself. In order to break the mold of the stereotypical African-American, Bub needs more attention in the home, and because she needs to support them, Lutie cannot be there to stop the pattern of victimization that he is falling into. Instead, Bub turned to Jones, who manipulated him for his own evil intentions. Bub is perhaps the most innocent of victims. He was never given the opportunity to explore his full potential, and one could attribute this to many factors. In school, he was unable to get an education that would provide him with the knowledge to advance himself. In school, Bub was also a victim of the racist system. The school system was not designed to give African-American children any room for advancement. We are shown the point of view of the teacher. she came to think of the accumulation of scents in her classroom with hate as _the colored peoples smell, and then finally the smell of Harlem itself-bold, strong, lusty, and frightening ( Petry 328). The teacher has such a disdain for the children, there is no possible way she can pass on to them any type of knowledge that may be able to save them from the street. Ironically, it is because he was set up that Bub winds up falling into the trap of young African-American males, ending up in juvenile hall, not because of the fact he knew he was committing a crime. This is particularly ironic because Lutie did succeed at raising Bub the way she wanted; however, because of the circumstances, she was never able to know the whole story of how he ended up falling victim to Jones evil scheme. Outwardly, it appears as if Bub has fallen into a life of juvenile delinquency, but only Jones and the reader know this not to be true. Ann Petry used this illustration to get the point ac ross that the innocent are the victims. Another character that is a victim is Min. Min plays the role of the African-American woman who has played the victim to many men. Her relationship with Jones is not loving or nurturing at all. We learn that Min has had relationships like this in the past. It was the same thing with various husbands she had had. They had taken her money and abused her and given her nothing in return, but she was never the one who left (Petry 127). She gains the strength to stand up to Jones after seeing the Prophet David. This gives her a sense of security, and she feels that now it is she who has control over Jones, to a certain extent. We are led to believe that it is because of security that Min stays with Jones. Min knew the chances of a woman surviving alone on the street were slim. No, a woman living alone really didnt stand much chanceWith a man around there was big change in their attitude(Petry 371). When she is finally able to break free, her future is left ambiguous. We will never know if she fell back in to the cycle, and found another man who would victimize her, or if she actually grew to be strong and independent. Given the circumstance, its hard to believe that she could actually overcome. We are also led to believe that she has already set her eyes on a new man- the man who helped her move. He was a very strong man. His back muscles bulged as he pushed the cart. She moved closer to him. _Say,_ she said, and there was soft insinuation in her voice, _you know anywhere a single lady could get a room?_ Then she added hastily, _But not on this street._ (Petry 371). .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .postImageUrl , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:hover , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:visited , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:active { border:0!important; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:active , .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74 .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ad2b1f35e0ffe9940047e737b0afe74:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Setting Of Dracula EssayClearly, it is not possible for these characters to overcome these obstacles that they face, because the problems are on a deeper level than just the individuals themselves. Petry uses this novel as a clear cut illustration of how the system is not allowing its constituents to advance in their lives. These issues- poverty, racism and -needed to be addressed the institutions before it was possible for them to be able to break this vicious cycle. This novel is a powerful portrayal of just how hard it was to get off the street. Perhaps Luties thoughts at the end of the book sum this concept up best, Lutie tried to figure out by what twists and turn s of fate she had landed on this train. Her mind balked at the task. All she could think was, it was that street. It was that god-damned street (Petry436).

Capital Punishment Is It Required Essay Example For Students

Capital Punishment: Is It Required Essay Capital Punishment: Is It RequiredLooking out for the state of the publics satisfaction in the scheme ofcapital sentencing does not constitute serving justice. Todays system ofcapital punishment is fraught with inequalities and injustices. The commonlyoffered arguments for the death penalty are filled with holes. It was adeterrent. It removed killers. It was the ultimate punishment. It is biblical. It satisfied the publics need for retribution. It relieved the anguish of thevictims family.(Grisham 120) Realistically, imposing the death penalty isexpensive and time consuming. Retroactively, it has yet to be proven as adeterrent. Morally, it is a continuation of the cycle of violence anddegrades all who are involved in its enforcement, as well as itsvictim.(Stewart 1) Capital Punishment has been part of the criminal justicesystem since the earliest of times. The Babylonian Hammurabi Code(ca. 1700 B.C.)decreed death for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer(Flanders 3). Egyptians could be put to death for disclosing the location of sacred burialsites(Flanders 3). However, in recent times opponents have shown the deathpenalty to be racist, barbaric, and in violation with the United StatesConstitution as cruel and unusual punishment. In this country, althoughlaws governing the application of the death penalty have undergone many changessince biblical times, the punishment endures, and controversy has never beengreater. Perhaps the most frequent argument for capital punishment is that ofdeterrence. The prevailing thought is that imposition of the death penalty willact to dissuade other criminals from committing violent acts. Numerous studieshave been created attempting to prove this belief; however, All the evidencetaken together makes it hard to be confident that capital punishment deters morethan long prison terms do.(Cavanagh 4) Going ever farther, Bryan Stevenson,the executive director of the Montgomery based Equal Justice Initiative, hasstated that people are increasingly realizing that the more we resort tokilling as a legitimate response to our frustration and anger with violence, themore violent our society becomes. Revenge is an unworthy motive for our society to pursue.(Whittier 1)In our society, there is a great expectation placed on the family of a victimto pursue vengeance to the highest degree perhaps 1 the death penalty. PatBane, executive director of the Murder Victims Families for Reconciliation(MVFR), stated, One parent told me that people made her feel like she wasbetraying her son because she did not want to kill the person who murderedhim.(Frame 50) This creates a dilemma of morality. If anything, by forcingfamilies to seek the death penalty, their own consciences will be burdened bythe death of the killer. Furthermore, Killing him will not bring back yoursons.(Grisham 402). At some point, man must stop the violence. Seekingtemporary gratification is not a logical basis for whether the death penaltyshould be imposed. Granted, revenge is easily confused with retribution, andmost would agree that the punishment should fit the crime, but can societyreally justify murdering someone els e simply on the basis that they deserved it?Government has the right and duty to protect the greater good against people whojeopardize the welfare of society, but a killer can be sentenced to life withoutchance of parole, and society will be just as safe as if he had been executed. The key part of the death penalty is that it involves death somethingwhich is rather permanent for humans, due to the concept of mortality. Thiscreates a major problem when there continue to be many instances of innocentpeople being sentenced to death.(Tabak 38) In the United States legal system,there exist numerous ways in which justice might be poorly served for arecipient of the death sentence. Foremost is in the handling of his own defensecounsel. In the event that a defendant is without counsel, a lawyer will beprovided. Attorneys appointed to represent indigent capital defendantsfrequently lack the qualities necessary to provide a competent defense andsometimes have exhibited such poor character that they have subsequently beendisbarred.(Tabak 37). With payment caps or court determined sums of, forexample, $5 an hour, there is not much incentive for a lawyer to spend a greatdeal of time representing a capital defendant. When you compare this to theprosecution, aided by the pol ice, other law enforcement agencies, crime labs,state mental hospitals, various other scientific resources, prosecutorsexperienced in successfully handling capital cases, compulsory process, andgrand juries(Tabak 37), the defense that the court appointed counsel can offeris puny. If, in fact, a defendant has a valid case to offer, what chance has heto offer it and have it properly recognized. Furthermore, why should he bepunished for a injustice that was created by the court itself when it appointedthe incapable lawyer. Mental Illness EssayHowever, as people were presented with more and more factual information,the numbers who favoured capital punishment decreased. In June 1987, followinga free vote, capital punishment as a response to the crime of murder was againrejected in the House of Commons. The vote was 148-127 against the return ofcapital punishment. Innocent people can-and have been- executed. With the death penaltyerrors are irreversible. According to a United States 1987 study, 23 people whowere innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted were executed between1900 and 1985(Long 79). Until human judgement becomes infallible, this problemalone is reason enough to abolish the death penalty at the hands of the statemore dedicated to vengeance than to truth and justice. A vast misconception concerning the death penalty is that it savessociety the costs of keeping inmates imprisoned for long periods. In the act ofpreserving due process of justice, the court appeals involved with the deathpenalty becomes a long, drawn-out and very expensive process. In the UnitedStates, The average time between sentencing and execution for the 31 prisonersput on death row in 1992 was 114 months, or nine and a half years.(Stewart 50)Criminal justice process expenses, trial court costs, appellate and post-conviction costs, and prison costs perhaps including years served on death rowawaiting execution all told, the extra costs per death penalty imposed inover a quarter million dollars, and per execution exceeds $2 million. (Cavanagh4) When you compare this to the average costs for a twenty year prison term forfirst degree murder (roughly $330 thousand), the cost of putting someone awayfor life is a deal. Is it really worth the hassle and money to kill a criminal,when we can put them away for life for less money with a great deal more ease?In earlier timeswhere capital punishment was common, the value of lifewas less, and societies were more barbariccapital punishment was probablyquite acceptable. However, in todays society, which is becoming ever moreincreasingly humanitarian, and individual rights and due process of justice areheld in high accord, the death penalty is becoming an unrealistic form ofpunishment. Also, with the ever present possibility of mistaken execution,there will remain the question of innocence of those put to death. Finally, manis not a divine being. He does not have the right to inflict mortal punishmentin the name of societys welfare, when there are suitable substitutes thatrequire fewer resources. I ask society, why dont we stop thekilling?(Grisham 404)Bibliography1) Bright, Steven B., and Patrick J. Keenan. Judges and the Politics of Death:Deciding Between the Bill of Rights and the Next Election in Capital Cases. Boston University Law Review 75 (1995): 768-69. 2) Cavanagh, Suzanne, and David Teasley. Capital Punishment: A Brief Overview. CRS Report For Congress 95-505GOV (1995): 4. 3) Flanders, Stephen A. Capital Punishment. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1991. 4) Frame, Randy. A Matter Of Life and Death. Christianity Today 14 Aug. 1995:505) Grisham, John. The Chamber. New York: Island Books, 1994. 6) Long, Robert Emmet. Criminal Sentencing. New York, NY: H.W. Company, 1995. 7) Stewart, David O. Dealing with Death. American Bar Association Journal80.11 (1994): 508) Szumski, Bonnie, Lynn Hall Susan Bursell. Opposing Viewpoints: CapitalPunishment. Greenhaven Press, 19869) Tabak, Ronald J. Report: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel and Lack of DueProcess in Death Penalty Cases. Human Rights 22.Winter (1995): 3610) Whittier, Charles H. Moral Arguments For and Against Capital Punishment. CRS Report For Congress (1996): 111) Last Dance: Murder in Canada. Simon Fraser University: Canadian LearningCompany Inc. Law

Hung dinh Essays - Fiction, Literature, Cinema Of The United States

Hung dinh Period 1 05/27/2017 Mr Jade English class Project of the final Today, we are going to mention about two books that we learned already were Of Mice and Men book of the author John Steinbech and Brave New World book of the author Aldous Huxley. Two of the books both have very good meaning as well as condemn about the brutal regime of each book that make us to mention about them today. Fist thing i want to compare the regime between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World book. In Of Mice and Men book, they have many classes some of them are master class, farmer class as well as lower class. Lower class, they did not have any authorities or right to decide their life, they had to go to work to got money for the living cost and they were so poor, in social, Of Mice and Men womens did not have any rights they had to subordinated to their husband or their family. The Book Of Mice and Men of John Steinbeck were written to sent a message for reader that the loneliness was made by gender and classes, in Of Mice and Men, the author John Steinbeck used the character Crooks to show how loneliness came from social divisions by race and of course they could not reach to the american dream that everybody always wish to have . Moving to Brave New World book of Aldous Huxley, everything were opposite. In Brave New World book, the reader learns that everyone in this civilization is a clone, the product of Bokanovsky's Process, This homogenization process has been perfected for the purpose of creating order in the world. Their world motto is "Community, Identity, Stability.". Lets analysis next point, everything were drawn by Aldous Huxley, he drew a wonderful new world not only without the loneliness but also have a lots of awesome thing that people in the old world never have. In Brave New World, their had five classes to maintain that stability, the World Controllers have devised a system wherein different classes of people (Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons) correspond to different levels of power, intellect, and wealth two of the most powerful were upper classes (Alpha and Beta), and three last lower classes were slave, Alpha and Beta dominated lower classes. It is opposite with Of Mice and Men book of John Steinbeck at point although in Of Mice and Men book poor people had the loneliness but they were not dominated by anyone. The second point between Brave New World book and Mice and Men were in Brave New World upper classes were molded have more right but in Mice and Men upper classes have more freedom. The next part that we are going to mention about between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World is the love of each character's relationship. Through the book Of Mice and Men of the author John Steinbeck, i think you are already know the type of love as well the affection of George with Lennie, they have found companionship. George and Lennie, they watched out for one another. Moreover, they have a dream of finding a fixed place, where they could call home, a farm of their own, they were doing what they can do to against the loneliness. George also knew Lennie very well, they had been friends for a long time as well as they cared about each other and looked after one another. Even though George was mostly looking after Lennie than the other way around. Through this situation, you guy can see their relationship of love were phileo type and what is phileo type of love say?. It said: "Phileo love is brotherly love. This type of love is most often shown within close friendships. Thi s is a generous and affectionate love that seeks to make the other person happy with no expectation for the acts of kindness to be returned", that is exactly what George did to Lennie, he was never thought to receive something back to him. Thus, everything were so clearly that George and Lennie's love were a phileo type of love, an awesome brotherly love.

Ethics and Southwest Airlines

Ethics and Southwest Airlines Free Online Research Papers Southwest Airlines has always been devoted to each and every community that we serve. Our Employees, Customers, and neighbors make the Southwest Family the LUVing place that it is, and we are proud to offer our cities more than just friendly and affordable air service. We offer our hearts! Thousands of times each year, Southwest Airlines and its Employees reach out to individuals, families, and entire communities providing help where it is needed. (Southwest 1) This statement is the declaration Southwest makes about its social responsibility for all to read on their corporate website. Southwest also earns the distinction of having been listed as one of the top 100 Best Corporate Citizens (Kostigen 2) since the inception of the list by KLD Research and Analytics, INC. Southwest Airlines started in 1971 when Rollin King and Herb Kelleher joined forces to start an airline and began services between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio, Texas. By the end of 1976, Southwest had carried its one millionth and the company was given the opportunity to extend its routes across the southwest. It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1977. â€Å"In 1984, Southwest was ranked the number one airline in terms of customer satisfaction for the fourth consecutive year (Marketline 3)†. In 1995, Southwest became the first major airline to introduce a ticket-less travel, eliminating the need to print a paper ticket and in 1996, the airline began offering internet ticket-less travel sales. Southwest became the fifth largest major airline in the US in 1999 after 28 years in service. With respect to its stakeholders, Southwest Airlines acts in an ethical and socially responsible manner. Company stakeholders include stockholders, passengers, communities, emplo yees and business partners (suppliers, airports). It does this through a variety of means. To determine how Southwest Airlines acts ethically one only need to look at what ethics is and how modern business ethics has developed. â€Å"ethics in business is simply the application of everyday moral or ethical norms to business†. (De George 4) In the United States ethics seems to focus on the ethical actions of individuals. Most people when discussing business ethics raise examples of immoral or unethical activity by individuals. Included with this is the criticism of multinational corporations that use child labor, pay pitifully low wages to employees in less developed countries and might use suppliers that run sweat shops. â€Å"Many business persons are strongly influenced by their religious beliefs and the ethical norms that they have been taught as part of their religion, and apply these norms in their business activities.† (De George 4) Much of the history of ethics can be found in religious contexts. Not only do many historians say the ten commandments of the bible are part of the foundation of ethics but they also reference the writings of Aristotle and other theologians and philosophers throughout the ages. Some historians go as far as to ascribe ethics to very specific groups. â€Å"Protestantism made business ethics possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Vogel 5) The religious beliefs during the time of ST Thomas Aquinas was that any sort of money making and profit taking was morally suspect and surely damned the merchant to the fires of hell. In more modern times there is less correlation between what is considered ethical and the thoughts or â€Å"concepts of sin, evil or divine judgment. Nevertheless, we remain no less preoccupied with the relationship.† (Vogel 5) There are still people today that think monetary success must be directly related to unethical acts or behavior. Is just doing the right thing for you stakeholders the only part of business ethics? No, not at all, being socially responsible as well as ethical is something m ost companies including Southwest Airlines strive for. â€Å"Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should be held accountable for any of its actions that affect people, their communities, and their environment†¦However, being socially responsible does not mean that a company must abandon its other missions.† (Lawrence 6) When it comes to corporate social responsibility, â€Å"CSR has many different manifestations. In one way or another, however, its common thread is the goal of integrating the public interest into the corporation’s mission.† (Senser 7) Robert Sensor a activist and frequent author on the topic of human rights and the rights of workers in developing nations asks the questions it corporate social responsibility just a tool for large corporations to circumvent governments and for governments to abdicate their duties and responsibilities to its citizens to the global corporation? Another point of view was expressed at the 2002 World Summit. â€Å"†¦its key message: Th e private sector has a duty to contribute to the evolution of equitable and sustainable communities and societies.† (Blake 8) Blake also goes on to describe that it is in the best interest of a business to practice corporate social responsibility. â€Å"Few companies can succeed in a society- or indeed, a global economy- that fails. By generating economic growth, creating jobs, behaving with integrity, and paying taxes, businesses can contribute to societys development and play a full role as corporate citizens.† Blake describes a three step process or phase, starting with the first step/phase that is the most basic and may or may not reap immediate benefits but sets the foundation on which a business can build the rest of its programs. Basic issues such as safety, the effect on the environment and standard employee relations fall into this first phase. Part two, the businesses process pushes the basics to beyond what is regulatory and is a company doing better on its own accord. The company would take initiative to strive to be better than just meeting the standard. This could mean anything from a company going green before government regulations require them to or advancing employee relations with liberal flex time for mothers or offering day care in the work place. The third phase is that of â€Å"the innovator† and because of all the previous efforts the company becomes the one that others want to be involved with. At this level a company’s reputation is secure, in fact a company with excellent social responsibility would be more likely to receive sympathy and the benefit of the doubt should trouble or scandal strike. Though great economists and business men of the past felt profit was the only re sponsibility a company had to its stakeholders, corporate responsibility is here and likely here to stay. The challenge for companies is not just taking care of the people at home but being good global citizens as well. The definition of global citizenship is different depending on where you are on the globe. The culture of where you are definitely effects the definition of what is a good global citizen. In the case of a U.S. based corporations that â€Å"Corporate citizenship in the United State reflects a peculiar mix of U.S. values and ideologies that are both its strengths and its vulnerabilities. â€Å" (Googins 9) According to the U. S. Chamber of Commerce: Corporate citizenship programs have tended to follow economic investments, not precede them. Increasingly, companies and chambers of commerce are studying how signify-cant social investments may lead to economic benefits. While some companies take great pains to separate their philanthropic activities from their business, other companies find that programs that are related to their company’s competencies, assets, values, and interests are generally more sustainable. (BCLC 10) Corporate citizenship is putting corporate social responsibility to work (Lawrence 6). The focus is on a total company concept instead of just focusing on profits. While any company worth their salt will always ensure the social and philanthropic avenues they pursue will also benefit them, the benefits are not always tangible but can be seen in improved reputation and customer loyalty which are invaluable to any business in this age of dramatic change and upheaval in all markets. How does Southwest Airlines embody these concepts, enabling them to be recognized as a top corporate citizen? In regards to Southwest’s treatment of its shareholders you could say the bottom line has always been good. The first quarter of fiscal year 2008 was the one hundred and twenty fifth quarterly dividends that Southwest has distributed. This is over thirty years of quarterly dividends, if that alone is not taking care of shareholders I am not sure what is. On the other end of the spectrum is how Southwest treats those that enable the shareholders the chance of those quarterly dividends, the passengers. The fact that they are the only major carrier to remain profitable in every quarter since September 11, 2001. â€Å"In an industry plagued with struggles to make profits and to keep employees and customers happy, Southwest Airlines has been profitable for an industry-record 33 continuous years. It enjoys a total market value that exceeds that of the other Fortune 500 air lines combined.† (BCLC 11) The airline industry has been going through a tough phase over the past few years and some airlines have had to declare bankruptcy. Southwest keeps on generating profits. There is clear evidence that Southwest acts ethically, socially responsibly and as a good citizen with its passengers. Southwest was so confident of this; they allowed television cameras to record its daily activities and broadcast footage which aired on cable television as the show Airline. Southwest has the passengers in mind when moving to a new airport. â€Å"Before Southwest, travelers flying out of Norfolk were paying some of the highest fares in the nation. Norfolks average fare was the 18th highest of 83 airports surveyed by federal transportation officials.† (AP 12) Southwest moved in and offered a more affordable product forcing competitors to match it or move out. Providing it passengers a quality product at the very core of what Southwest chooses to do. For those who have ever ridden with Southwest they do not find the usual stuffy navy uniforms of the other major carriers but casual (but nice) clothed attendants that like to smile, joke and generally make the fly ing experience as positive as possible. Southwest is committed to provide its customers great service with a twenty eight page â€Å"Customer Service Commitment† that details all the services Southwest promises to provide to each and every customer. It encourages customers to ask questions and promises that Southwest will attempt to provide each passenger with a positive experience. The way Southwest shows ethics, corporate social responsibility and global citizenship in regards to its passengers is in the way every patron is treated with respect and that while Southwest makes a profit it is not on the backs of its customers but through smart business acumen. In reference to how Southwest shows ethical behavior, corporate social responsibility and global citizenship in regards to the communities it operates in is fairly simple. Southwest is usually welcomed with open arms in each community that it moves to. Not only does Southwest bring competition and lower air fares but jobs and community service. Southwest employees participate in numerous charitable drives. Southwest employees build teams and participate in the â€Å"Walk for the Cure† nationwide, they support the Sacramento, CA Ronald McDonald House, and paint over graffiti in Dallas, TX. Their efforts are not just limited to the cities they call home. Southwest employees donated over fifty thousand dollars towards Share the Spirit, an initiative to donate thousands of phone cards to deploying U.S. troops so they could stay in touch with loved ones at home. This is just the tip of the iceberg in regards to Southwest giving back to the community. They assist children that ar e burn victims attend the annual Parkland Burn Camp. (Southwest 13) Their generosity and willingness to help others show the social responsibility and citizenship that all companies strive to achieve. This is a fantastic symbiotic relationship for Southwest. They have a fantastic reputation that has been built on great service and good works. Southwest attributes much of its success to its employees. The current president of Southwest Airlines, Colleen Barrett started at Southwest as a secretary and moved her way up through the ranks. Southwest currently employees more than thirty three thousand employees across the United States with new hubs and jobs opening almost every month. The Southwest mission statement to employees is as follows We are committed to provide our Employees a stable work environment with equal opportunity for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for improving the effectiveness of Southwest Airlines. Above all, Employees will be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Southwest Customer. (Southwest 14) Southwest Airlines engenders â€Å"fanatically loyal customers who regularly write letters to CEO Herb Kelleher to say Wow! Im impressed!?† By putting its employees first, according to Kathy Pettit, director of customers. By making them feel appreciated and valued†¦Each employee gets a birthday card from Herb Kelleher on his or her birthday. (HMS 15) Southwest also rewards employees monthly for their hard work and ensures the employees have a vested interest in the companies success. â€Å"15 percent of Southwests pretax operating income is invested in profit-sharing, and 25 percent of each employees account is invested in Southwest stock.† (HMS 15) When the airline does well, so do the employees. The last but not leased stakeholder in Southwest Airlines is its business partners. Those that do business with Southwest on a daily, weekly, monthly or even yearly basis. Southwest has worked with smaller airports and increase the local business ten fold. In Chicago, IL instead of taking on the overcrowded O’Hare airport it struck a deal with Midway, a smaller in airport. They offered consumers an alternative that resulted in less wait time and an easier commute to and from the airport. They do the same thing in Dallas, TX. Instead of fighting the traffic to the main airport, Southwest is located in the city at Love field and provides a much easier travel experience than the busy Dallas International Airport. This helps all involved with Southwest while also helping to revive or maintain small local airports. Southwest also wants to help its suppliers. It does not just do business with the large brand names like Coke. The Supplier diversity program â€Å"†¦was designed to enable Southwest to extend opportunities to qualified Small, Disadvantaged, HUBZone, Minority, Women, Veteran and Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Businesses (Diverse Businesses). It is the goal of this program to assist Diverse Businesses in their development as competitive suppliers of products and services.† (Southwest 16) Southwest is known for approaching it partners slightly differently. With a make unions your partners, not your enemies and build relationships with your suppliers how could a business not want to deal with Southwest? â€Å"The Southwest Airlines Way that success stems from the ability to build and sustain strong relationships among everyone involved in the airline†¦ also unions and suppliers† (Gittell 17) Southwest Airlines deserves to be on the best corporate citizen list and I believe it will be there for many years to come. Southwest is not about the big showmanship that has sent so many other competitors to bankruptcy. Smart business choices, great relationships with the employees, communities, shareholders and business partners has propelled Southwest into a very profitable enterprise. As the only airline that has made a profit for the past thirty four years I surmise that they are on the right track. One future obstacle that is looming over Southwest and has its competitors ready to pounce is the impending retirement of one of the founders and its president. The challenge for Southwest will be to keep up the good works while still providing a sound product. While it seems simple the act of balancing the desires for profit of the shareholders with being a good corporate steward and citizen can be daunting during times of change and upheaval. I wish Southwest the best of luck and look forward to 2008 when they begin to provide service to Honolulu, HI. WORKS CITED Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/share_the_spirit/share_the_spirit.htmlkld.com/research/socrates/businessethics100/2007/company_spotlight.html Kostigen,Thomas. â€Å"The 100 best corporate citizens†. 23 February 2007. Market Watch marketwatch.com/news/story/100-best-corporate-citizens/story.aspx?guid={AD745A51-8B9B-47DB-91BA-E1BBCFC1C6F5}dist=morenews MarketLine. 30 November 2007. marketlineinfo.com/company_analysis.htm/#southwest De George, Richard T. â€Å"A History of Business Ethics†. 19 February 2005. Santa Clara University. scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/conference/presentations/business-ethics-history.html Vogel, David. â€Å"The Ethical Roots of Business Ethics.† Business Ethics Quarterly; (1991) Vol. 1 Issue 1. p101-120. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5hid=8sid=b78c7d8f-b485-4bc4-8b5c-4c1cfabd4299%40sessionmgr3 Lawrence, Anne T. and Weber, James. Business in Society. 2008. 12th edition. pg 45-46. Senser, Robert A. â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fledgling Movement Faces a Crucial Test†. Dissent Magazine. Winter 2007. dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=738 Blake, Janet. â€Å"Caring for the Bottom Line.† Human Resources Planning; 2007. vol. 30 Issue 1: 36-44. Hawaii Pacific University. 1 December 2007. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=4hid=4sid=fc80a0c5-b062-4e86-b4dc-1b9ce4dbebd7%40sessionmgr9 Googins, Bradley. T. â€Å"The Journey towards Corporate Citizenship in the United States†. Journal of Corporate Citizenship. Spring 2002. aktive-buergerschaft.de/cci/resourcen/jcc5goog.pdf Business Civic Leadership Center. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Global Corporate Citizenship: Corporate Citizenship in Emerging Markets. 2007. uschamber.com/bclc/resources/0709emergingmarketsreport.htm Business Civic Leadership Center. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Southwest’s Secret to a Positive Corporate Culture: Its Employees†. uschamber.com/bclc/profiles/southwest.htm Associated Press. â€Å"Fares down. passengers up after Southwests arrival† USA Today. 28 November 2003. usatoday.com/travel/news/2003-11-28-swa-norfolk_x.htm Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/share_the_spirit/events1.html#troops Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/mission.html HMS Group. â€Å"How Southwest Airlines Creates Loyal Customers†. Loyalty Line Newsletter. January 1997hsmgroup.com/nuts/index.html Southwest Airlines Co. 30 November 2007. southwest.com/about_swa/supplier_information.html Gittell, Jody. The Southwest Airlines Way McGraw-Hill. April 2005. http://web.mit.edu/airlines/www/news-articles/articles/news-Gitell-04-09-2003.pdf Research Papers on Ethics and Southwest AirlinesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of India

Fundamentals of Natural Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamentals of Natural Science - Essay Example Earlier, it was noted that scientific studies made the presence of gene and their transmission from one generation to another. But with the increased progress of scientific research allowed understanding regarding the mechanism in which genes would work (Bunch & Hellemans, 2004). The process of scientific research to renew the facts about mechanism of operation of gene in the body was greatly debated. Initially, researchers believed that it was impossible to find the particles and molecules making up several arrangements. Later on, it was observed that scientists made use of three-dimensional structure of DNA to evaluate the biochemical functioning (Treichel, 2008). By 1930s, scientists found out the correlation between the chromosomes and linkage of different molecules which ultimately led in the development of scientific study noting the mechanism in which genes work. This progress in the scientific study led in the correct knowledge of cytological information. During the experimentation for evaluating mechanism of genes, it was observed that new born babies had dominating features from the families of their parents. This made it evident that the mechanism of genes was greatly controlled by some other component of gene. It was for this reason that Walter Flemming studied the addition of another component in genes. Walter discovered that every cell had a nuclein which was also controlling the cell nucleus. But even then the relationship between both the components was not established with practical experimentation (Bunch & Hellemans, 2004). In order to understand as to why babies had exactly the same features as family side including eye color and other facial features, Oscar Hertwig conducted experimentation. It was noted in his experiment of observing sea urchins. The reason behind his consideration of sea urchins as the best experimental subject because its eggs are relatively bigger in size and are

REWARD SYSTEM- CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

REWARD SYSTEM- CASE STUDY - Essay Example 1.3 Pay. The basic rate for regular employees is  £14,000. A bonus system is in place which is commensurate to the call handler’s efforts in terms of (a) number of calls taken, and (b) informal assessment by supervisors on the quality of customers relations in sampled calls. So far it has ranged from 0 to  £8,000, averaging at  £1,300. Bonuses are paid out every three months. 1.5 Commission. The chief executive has commissioned a study to be made on an appropriate rewards system that would resolve the aforementioned problems, while at the same time matching the organisation’s key competencies, namely From the case situation given, there appears to be prima facie dissatisfaction with the rewards system of Chalmers pertaining to their call handlers, and the way the rewards system is being administered. However, this may be misleading as all allegations of unfairness and poor pay come solely from the handlers, which may be a biased perception. At present, there is no agreed, specific definition of a call centre. The University of Sheffield, commissioned to create a study of the industry for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), formulated a working definition of a â€Å"call centre† as â€Å"a work environment in which the main business is conducted via a telephone whilst simultaneously using display screen equipment (DSE). The term call centre includes parts of companies dedicated to this activity, such as internal help lines as well as whole companies.† (Sprigg, Smith & Jackson, 2003). An alternative name for this type of business firm is the â€Å"contact centre† which is described as â€Å"a business unit with responsibility for communicating directly with customers, either proactively to initiate sales, or reactively in order to respond to specific needs or enquiries. Contact centres are used extensively across both the private and public sectors (UK Trade and

Motivating Employees and Team Building Research Paper

Motivating Employees and Team Building - Research Paper Example Headquartered in Iceland the Group operates in 28 countries with more than 7,000 employees. Actavis is one of the leading European providers of generic pharmaceuticals, with turnover and EBITDA in 2004 of EUR 452 million and EUR 115 million, respectively. It develops manufactures and distributes generics under its own brand name and acts as an outsourcing partner for other major pharmaceutical companies. The Bulgarian chapter of Actavis's history started in 1999 with the privatization of three state-owned pharmaceutical factories located in the cities of Dupnitca, Razgrad, and Troyan. In the five-year period to 2004, all of them have been completely renovated in order to comply with the European GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) Standards. Currently, Actavis operates in the country split into two divisions - Operations and Sales & Marketing. Actavis Operations is a holding company responsible for the management of the three factories providing first-class generic products, mainly for the Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian and CIS markets. The Sales & Marketing division is represented in the country by Actavis Bulgaria EAD, a company registered under the Bulgarian law. It employs about 200 people and operates three warehouses in the country. Actavis Bulgaria EAD is mainly focused on marketing the Group's products as first-class generics on the Bulgarian market, which is the third biggest market for the company's own brand revenues worldwide.Motivation means different things to different individuals. For some, it may be an incentive and for others, a psychological backing or setting a good example. Motivation is something abstract and the difficulties arise when one tries to explain its meaning and application. A wide variety of assumptions have been made on motivation by observing the resultant behavior of motivation. Based on these assumptions and research findings, motivation has been defined in a number of ways. Vroom defines motivation as a process, which governs choices made by persons or lower organisms among al ternative forms of voluntary activity. (Vroom, 1964) Motivations are the act of inducing an individual to follow a desired course of action. The desired course of action may be for the good of the individual or for the one who is inducing the individual towards the desired course of action or both. Zedeck and blood contend that motivation is a predisposition to act in a specific goal-directed way. (Sedeck & Blood, 1974) According to Atchison: Motivation is the immediate influence on the direction, vigor, and persistence of behavior. (Atchison, 1964) Gellerman defines motivation as steering one's actions towards certain goals and committing a certain part of one's energies to reach them. (Gellerman, 1963)

Flight to Delhi

Flight to Delhi Flight to Delhi Delhi is the capital city of India with a population of over 13 million and has emerged as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. With over 700 flights landing and taking off from Delhi every day, Delhi airport is the busiest airport in India. It is easier to take flights to Delhi rather than using other means of transport. With several airlines and flight operators operating between major Indian cities Delhi, getting discounted tickets and special offers for Delhi flights is always on the cards. Deals22.com works hard to maintain its leadership position in travel category and to bring you the best rates for Delhi flights. Our unique engine allows you to search across the leading travel portals to ensure that you get the best fare rates. Jet Airways, Kingfisher, Indian Airlines, Air India, Spicejet, Air Deccan, Indigo, Paramount and GO Air operate daily flights on the Delhi Bangalore, Mumbai Delhi, Kolkata Delhi and Hyderabad Delhi routes. Delhi airport is located near the Delhi Gurgaon border is well connected to the city. The drive from Connaught Place, the heart of Delhi to the Delhi airport takes about 45 minutes if the traffic is clear. But it is advised that you always take into account the omnipresent traffic jams which can extend the commute time to the Delhi airport by a factor of three. About Delhi Delhi is the 2nd largest Indian city after Mumbai (Bombay) and is the seat of Indian government. Delhi encompasses the nearby cities of Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad Faridabad to form the NCR region. Delhi /NCR is the melting pot for various Indian communities ethnicities. Attractions Places of Interest : Lodi Garden, Doll museum, Rail museum, Red Fort, India Gate, Museum of Natural History, Parliament, Qutab Minar, Jama Masjid Entertainment Shopping :, South-Extension, GK-I M Block, Connaught place, Chandni Chowk, Karol Bagh, Sarojini Nagar, Dilli Haat, State Emporiums, Lajpat Nagar, Ansal Plaza, Hauz Khas Theatre: Kamani Auditorium, LTG Auditorium, National school of Drama, India Habitat Centre (IHC), India International Centre (IIC), Lalit Kala Academy, Sri Ram Center for Performing Arts Temples : Hanuman Mandir, Lotus (ISKON) temple, Bangla Sahib Gurudwara, Kalka mandir, Birla Mandir, Chattarpur Mandir When to go Delhi faces the extreme climatic swings with the temperature moving to 47 C (116 F) in summers dropping to 0 C (32 F). The best time to visit the city is between October to March when the weather is most bearable. Regular flights to from Delhi are readily available. With airlines like Jet Airways, Kingfisher, Indian Airlines, Spicejet, Air Deccan, Indigo and GO Air offering frequent flier programs, discounted tickets and regular special offers, cheap air travel to Delhi has become a reality.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: The Yellow Wallpaper Essays

The Yellow Wall Paper: Profound I believe that American Literature is very profound to understand it. It has a lot of meaning that can help us see our American society in a different way or help us understand it better. Everything in American literature is express through words, not images. However, Literature most of the time open our mind to visualized what is being said. In "the Yellow Wall Paper" story, I believe the author is expressing herself through words as if she is describing an abstract painting. I believe this story is not literal. I believe this story is composed as an abstract painting that is full of meaning. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a strong influential on the lives of many writers during the time this story was written. "Emerson's emphasis on individuality, nonconformity, and resistance to traditional authority defines a national identity for Americans still seeking independence from English influence;"(NIck Evans). Now, I believe that Gilman was very much influence by what Emer son said in his lectures during this time. The purpose of this paper is to show how Gilman had a respond to what emerson said through my interpretation of Charlotte Perkins Gilman story. Now, the overall body of this paper is first,I will give many paragraphs with a particular point on each one of them together with my interpretation of each one. My Point is that each paragraph will be adding up to the final Paragraph which will give my final interpretation of the story. In the conclusion, I will restate my interpretation together with some historical facts and emersons ideas that will correspond to my interpretation of Gilman. My goal of this paper is to show how Gilman is using the story like an abstract painting to open the eyes of women to be nonconformists in society and at home. First of all, John and his wife arrived to live in a big house for a short time together with John sister. In this house there is a room with a yellow wall paper. Before they arrive this room was use as a nursery, playroom and gymnasium. I believe this three different functions gives us a summary of the experiences of John's wife in this room. She arrive here to have a "total rest cure" for her depression. What is the significance of the room being a nursery? The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: The Yellow Wallpaper Essays The Yellow Wall Paper: Profound I believe that American Literature is very profound to understand it. It has a lot of meaning that can help us see our American society in a different way or help us understand it better. Everything in American literature is express through words, not images. However, Literature most of the time open our mind to visualized what is being said. In "the Yellow Wall Paper" story, I believe the author is expressing herself through words as if she is describing an abstract painting. I believe this story is not literal. I believe this story is composed as an abstract painting that is full of meaning. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a strong influential on the lives of many writers during the time this story was written. "Emerson's emphasis on individuality, nonconformity, and resistance to traditional authority defines a national identity for Americans still seeking independence from English influence;"(NIck Evans). Now, I believe that Gilman was very much influence by what Emer son said in his lectures during this time. The purpose of this paper is to show how Gilman had a respond to what emerson said through my interpretation of Charlotte Perkins Gilman story. Now, the overall body of this paper is first,I will give many paragraphs with a particular point on each one of them together with my interpretation of each one. My Point is that each paragraph will be adding up to the final Paragraph which will give my final interpretation of the story. In the conclusion, I will restate my interpretation together with some historical facts and emersons ideas that will correspond to my interpretation of Gilman. My goal of this paper is to show how Gilman is using the story like an abstract painting to open the eyes of women to be nonconformists in society and at home. First of all, John and his wife arrived to live in a big house for a short time together with John sister. In this house there is a room with a yellow wall paper. Before they arrive this room was use as a nursery, playroom and gymnasium. I believe this three different functions gives us a summary of the experiences of John's wife in this room. She arrive here to have a "total rest cure" for her depression. What is the significance of the room being a nursery?

Essay, Valentine Carol Ann Duffy Essay

The poem Valentine is written by Carol Ann Duffy. Throughout the Poem she shows the positive and negative sides about love by comparing love to an onion. She does this by using different techniques such as language features such as metaphors, simlies, Imagery and word structure. All these techniques make it interesting because she uses an onion as a girft to represent love and relationships. In the begining of the poem Duffy starts off with a negative in opening line. â€Å"Not a red rose or a satin heart’. She tries to tell her Valentine to not expect anything romantic. This is telling the reader that it is not somthing sweet, romantic or taditional gift but something unique and original. Then in the following lines she sets out why and onion is a good gift. Duffy then uses a metaphor â€Å"It is a moon wrapped in brown paper. It promises light like the careful undressing of love’. The ‘brown paper’ is the outside of the onion that hides the white vegetable inside. This brown skin is the wrapping paper of the gift, the onion. Duffy compares her gift, the onion, to the moon being wrapped in brown paper. This picture of the moon represents the whole onion, just afger it has been peeled. The words â€Å"it promises light’ give a positive conntation meaning the moons ‘light’ represents love like a new start and begining of a relationship. Moonlight often provides a romantic setting. The peeling of the onion is also like two people taking off each other clothes before they make love â€Å"like the careful undressing of love’. THe different layers of the onion are like the layers of someones discovering the layers in a relationship. Therefore Duffy begins the poeam with a negative conatation and a positive connatation about the onion befoere giving it to her Valentine. In the second stanza of the second line a similie is used â€Å"It will blind you with tears like a lover’. To show that onions will make you cry and make you blind of the pain and that love can do the same thing to a person. This shows that she is giving her partner an onion because love can be beautiful but can also cause pain and upset. She then relates it too â€Å"your reflection is a wobbing grief†. Duffy relates this quote to one quote from the other stanza before â€Å"undressing love’. Here a metaphor has been used. A † wobbling photo of grief is compared to a mirror. â€Å"wobbling’ refers to photo which has become blurred from the tears created by the onion.When you look at a photo with tears it doesnt give a real image to that photo but a blurred or wobbling image. Also when you begin to â€Å"undress’ (discover) when you make love it can also cause you grief. This stanza shows that onions can make you cry and feel pain like love does and a good language feature has been use to help describe the aspects of the onion. Duffy then laters combines these quotes and makes a last stanza that gives more negative connatations towards the end. Duffy demands that her lover takes her gift † Take it’. She then talks about marriage † Its platnium loops shrink to a wedding ring, if you like† She suggests that the bright white layers of the onion are relationships and rings. Duffy imagines that the ring is made out of white valuable metal, platnium. She tries to tell us that the smaller the rings get the more chance of marriage increases but however if somthings † shrinks’ it becomes less valuable and more restrictive and perhaps somthing at the end of the relationship. Duffy thinks marriage is like a knife † Its scent will cling to you fingers, cling to your knife.’ The word â€Å"knife’ links marriage to a wound, and that Duffy may have been hurt in previous relationships. This shows a negative view of love and that someone had a knife and may have ended the relationship.† Cling’ has been repeated twice, Even if one brakes up with partner the scent or the thought will be clinged to your mind , like the smell of the onion on knife after its been washed. Therefore Duffy finishs the poeam with a negative connatation and tells us that onions do have simliarities as a ring or relationships. In conclusion Duffy shows her feelings about love in positive and negative connatations throughtout the poem by using different techinques to show how intresting this poem is when comparing love to an onion. And how the reader of this poem should understand why she thought an onion was a good choice as a gift by being original and unique.

Poland

Poland ‚Â · Poland is the 6th most populous and the 6th largest of the European Union's 27 member states. Most of the country is flat, with an average elevation of 173 meters.‚Â · 90% of Poles have completed at least secondary education, the highest score in the EU, along with the Czechs, Slovaks, and Slovenes.‚Â · Polish people marry the youngest within the European Union (24 years old for women and 26.5 years old for men in average).‚Â · According to a 2007 UNICEF report on child well-being in rich countries, Poland is the second best of the 25 OECD countries surveyed in terms of "behaviours and risks" (healthy lifestyle, lack of violence), and third best for educational well-being. The same reports also finds that Poland has the lowest pecentage overweight young people (7.1%) and the lowest percentage of teenagers under 15 who had had sexual intercourse (15.1%). However, Poland also had the highest number of young people aspiring to low skilled work (17.1%).English: F lags of Poland and the EU‚Â · Polish people have the largest households in the European Union.‚Â · Poland is the poorest country in the EU after Bulgaria and Romania in terms of GDP per capita at PPP.‚Â · Poles have won a total of 17 Nobel prizes (more than Japan, China, India or Australia), including four Peace Prizes, and five in Literature.‚Â · The highest mountain in Australia, Mount Kosciuszko, was named after general Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746-1817), who fought against the Russian Empire, as well as in the American Revolutionary War.‚Â · In ancient times, what is now Poland was inhabited by a multitude of ethnic groups, including various Celtic, Slavic (in the centre and south-east), Baltic (in the north-east) and Germanic (in the west and south-west) tribes.‚Â · The country's first historically documented ruler was Mieszko I (c. 935-992), Duke...

Free Essays on Us History Of Internet

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their propounding of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery's westward expansion that took form in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet these two expressions of hostility to slavery- abolitionism and Free-Soilism- were often closely related not only in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to regard the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation.Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufac turing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights. By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of "immediate emancipation."In early 1831, Garrison, in Boston, began publishing his famous newspaper, the Liberator, supported largely by free African-Americans, who always played a major role in the movement. In Dec... Free Essays on Us History Of Internet Free Essays on Us History Of Internet ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their propounding of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery's westward expansion that took form in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet these two expressions of hostility to slavery- abolitionism and Free-Soilism- were often closely related not only in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to regard the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation.Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufac turing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights. By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of "immediate emancipation."In early 1831, Garrison, in Boston, began publishing his famous newspaper, the Liberator, supported largely by free African-Americans, who always played a major role in the movement. In Dec...

Discovery of HIV Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discovery of HIV - Research Paper Example Many people still do not understand the origin of HIV and the truth behind it. This paper, therefore, describes the discovery and origin of HIV, including how the scientific agreements and consensus-building are based on evidences and logics. Diagram: How HIV Invade T-Cell Retrieved from: http://www.nature.com/nri/journal/v8/n6/fig_tab/nri2302_F4.html The history of HIV discovery began in late 1970s, when many people believed that epidemic diseases caused by microbes and viruses were never a threat to developed and industrialized countries. In addition, many people also believed that viruses never caused cancer, and nothing existed as retrovirus, which infected humans (Barre-Sinoussi, 2010). These beliefs, however, were successfully approved by scientist researchers, since the attempts to find retroviruses in cancer and other diseases in human beings all ended up in vain. Most retrovirus researchers also turned their work to study oncogenes (Gallo & Montagnier, 2003). The establishme nt of HIV and AIDS began with the identification of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2). These viruses were established to cause the abnormal T-cell leukemia. The other contributor to the discovery of HIV and AIDS is the process for growing T lymphocytes in culture for a period that is enough to allow development of putative latent retrovirus (Marlin & Ed, 2011). This research study helped in the separation of T-cell growth factor in Bethesda, Maryland. In Paris, it was demonstrated that interferon can suppress the production of retroviruses in mouse cell. This idea led to the use of anti-interferon serum in the search for human retroviruses (Levy, 1993). Francoise Barre-Sinoussi Francoise Barre-Sinoussi is a young retroviriologist working at the institute Pasteur in Paris. One year earlier, a cluster of Pneumocystis carinii (p jirovecii) causing pneumonia infection had been established among gay men in Los Angeles, USA. This paved way for research and disc overy of global AIDS epidemic (Barre-Sinoussi, 2010). Barre-Sinoussi’s began her research work together with Willy Rozenbaum. They focused their research in patients who had not developed AIDS; since they discovered that infected patients lacked CD4 cells if at all the causative agent was attacked T lymphocytes. Barre-Sinoussi, along side other researchers from institute Pasteur, began their work by growing cells from a biopsy that was obtained from a patient. These cells were obtained from a cell culture in the presence of interleukin 2, initially known as T-cell growth factor (Barre-Sinoussi, 2010). They were focused to obtain a retrovirus, and during that period, HTLV-1 was the recognized model of human retrovirus. These researchers, however, did not assume that the virus had the same characteristics as HTLV-1. After two weeks, they realized a reverse transcriptase activity in the culture. Instead of the virus immortalizing other cells, they were found dead. In order to sa ve the virus, they asked for a new sample and quickly added lymphocytes from the culture (Barre-Sinoussi, 2010). Again, they noticed a reversed transcriptase activity in the new sample. Over the following years, tests were developed, the virus characterized, and confirmatory discoveries made. The research community then named this virus as HIV. After the initial discoveries, Barre-Sinoussi still continued with her research work focusing primarily on the

Conflict at Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict at Workplace - Essay Example The occurrence of conflict can occur in an organization for a variety of reasons. One of the reasons that it can occur is interdependence. â€Å"When individuals or subunits are mutually dependent upon each other to accomplish their own goals, the potential for conflict exists† (Csuponona). Take for example a factory that produces and sells office supplies. The salesmen depend on the production department to have inventory to sell. If production does not keep up with the product demand the salespeople could enter into a conflict with the production department. A second reason that conflict can arise in an organization is due to the existence of scarce resources. Examples of scarce resources include money, time, materials or human resources (Sullivan, 2014). It is the responsibility of the manager to distribute resources in a fair manner. A third reason that conflict can manifest itself in an organization is due to power struggles. A power struggle can occur between the CEO and the board of directors, among the departmental leaders, or among the members of a workgroup. A fourth factor that can lead to conflict in the workplace is interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal conflict involves conflict between two or more individuals that disagree over a subject manner (Chand, 2014). This type of conflict is probably the most common type of conflict. Once conflict manifests itself companies must deal with it to find a resolution. An important aspect of any solution to resolve conflict is communication. â€Å"Clear, concise, accurate, and timely communication of information will help to ease both the number and severity of conflicts† (Forbes, 2012). A manager must use active listening techniques between the parties involve to decipher the root of the problem. Appealing to the common goals of the parties can help alleviate the conflict. When interdependence caused the conflict a manager can

The western Way of War2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The western Way of War2 - Essay Example The technologies they used were adopted from the eastern countries. Hence most of the technologies were not Western innovations. Any new inventions were followed by almost all the other countries. Western countries were not ready to accept and follow the new technology. (Geoffrey 2005). They remained hesitant to experiment any sort of technology. Technology was not the only criteria that decide the success of war. Instead other factors like economic power and war plans were the important aspect that decides the war’s success. The next principle of Western way of war was to maintain proper discipline among the soldiers in the army. Discipline was given more prominence than religion. The soldiers were trained to co-operate and work as a team. The military was formed with the people who resided in the same area(book). The leaders for such military teams were the leaders from their area. During the sixteenth century rally were carried out to recruit people for the military. In countries like Greece the normal people like farmers were also a part of the military regimen. Though army people were more disciplined, it was not secured. Technology and discipline alone did not decide the fate of the war. The war had to possess a vision which helped them to fight against their enemy. Religious constraints were not the deciding factor and it did not interfere in the success of the war. Success was decided only when the enemy was totally defeated. (Geoffrey 2005).This was not practiced in the other countries. The main aims of this war were to collect people who were used as slaves. These slaves were used to procure goods from the harbor and to assist them in other local work. Most of the countries relied on discipline and technological aspects. Western countries differed from them in this principle. They had the ability to change and preserve the practices they have followed. Countries in the West had the power to adapt to these changes. This

Criminal Justices Ethics Essay Example for Free

Criminal Justices Ethics Essay A few months ago, a woman was brutally raped, beaten and left for dead. Since the attack she remains in a coma. This case has risen to national prominence as an example of how today’s youth no longer respects fundamental social values, television and video game violence has desensitized young men to the consequences of crimes such as assault and rape, and as a demonstration of the inability of the police to keep the streets safe for law-abiding citizens. My partner and I work in the criminal justice system as police officers and handle most of the homicide cases in our area. The publicity from this crime has placed our police department under pressure to send someone to trial for this crime immediately. A gang of young men were spotted in the areas where the victim was found assaulting and threatening people that were passing by. Two members of the gang were arrested. The two members are both male and 14 years of age that both have previous records of robbery and assault. Our obligation as police officers is to follow the policy and ethical standards of our police department and the law, which states, minors must be informed of their legal right to have their parents present during the interrogation and to use videotape during important interviews. However, my partner has pushed his ethical obligation aside and interviews both of the minors while deciding not to contact their parents or tape the interrogation. When I confront him about the policy’s that did not take place he tells me not to worry about it that both minors are guilty as sin and we can close the case. His actions are unethical and don’t not follow the policy of prosecuting the guilty, respecting the rights of the accused, and creating a safe community. Ethics is crucial in decisions involving discretion, force, and due process, because criminal justice professionals can be tempted to abuse their powers (Felkins, 1987). I report this to my supervisor only for him to tell me to trust my partner and go to trial. Both suspects are arrested and bound for trial. Bail is denied. I do not feel good about proceeding with this. The organizational culture represented by my supervisor gives the answer to my partners’ behavior. The supervisor plays a large role in defining organizational culture by his actions and leadership. Both my supervisor and my partner have decided to use â€Å"moral relativism† which is the ethical premise â€Å"that decisions about right and wrong are purely personal and subjective and according to it, whatever anyone claims to be morally acceptable is morally acceptable, at least for that person. They have not thought about the consequences of their actions and how they may be beneficial or harmful from the result. In order to do so one must analyze the issues and make judgments by studying the details of the case, identifying the relevant criteria, determining possible course of action, and deciding which action is most ethical. I will choose to detach myself from the case. I cannot afford to lose my job by not following the legal or ethical standards. Laws have penalties when cases are violated and these penalties can be very severe if you violate legal norms. I believe that both my partner and supervisor have violated legal norms as well as ethical standards. References Felkenes, G. (1987). â€Å"Ethics in the Graduate Criminal Justice Curriculum.† Teaching Philosophy 10(1): 23–26. Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues (Seventh ed.). New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.

Dark Matter :: physics science space

Missing Diagrams You, the computer you’re sitting at, the air you breathe, even the distant stars are all made up of protons electrons and neutrons. For a long time this ordinary matter, or what physicists like to call baryonic matter, was thought to be the main constitute of the universe. However, in the past twenty years evidence has been accumulating to the contrary, that in fact the universe is much stranger than ever thought of before and is almost entirely made up of something that we can’t see. For a long time astronomers weren’t concerned about the mass of objects that they couldn’t see. For example the earth is too small and dim to see from any great distance and all the planets in out solar system make up less than one percent of the total mass of the sun. However it soon became a concern when astronomers began to measure the mass of galactic clusters and it became apparent that there was a significant amount of matter unaccounted for. In the thirties, astronomers named Zwicky and Smith both examined closely two relatively nearby clusters, the Coma cluster and the Virgo cluster. They looked at the individual galaxies making up the clusters individually, and the velocities of the clusters. What they found was that the velocities of the galaxies were about a factor of ten to one hundred larger than they expected. In a cluster the main force is the gravitational pull of the galaxies on one another which gives rise to their velocities. By knowing the velocities of the galaxies the total mass of the cluster can be determined. If your web browser is Java-aware -- e.g., Netscape 2.0b or higher, try this experiment. It allows you to vary the mass inside a galaxy cluster, and watch the individual galaxies. Experiment I ( Courtesy of John's Homepage http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~dursi/dm-tutorial/dm1.html) Now like all observations there is a certain amount of error involved. In this case, watching the galaxies in a cluster takes years of observation and the velocities are hard to determine due to the expanse of the cluster. It’s not like the experiment were the dots are whizzing around. Also some of the galaxies measured may not be in the cluster but are just in the line of site of the telescope.

Meet the Miller Essay -- Canterbury Tales Essays

Meet the Miller In the "General Prologue" of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer presents his reader with a blend of unlikely yet entertaining characters that find themselves on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. Chaucer then describes the different characteristics and the outward appearances of these characters at length. He probably does so in order to bring these characters to life, giving us a more vivid understanding of what kind of people they were. The Miller is one of the most vivid characters that I have encountered in Chaucer's work for he is perfectly delineated as the man he is, without including any unnecessary detail. The Miller is described as a short and sturdy man who possesses uncanny strength. The undisputed champion of wrestling is he. He even seems hero-like at first: The millere was a stout churl for the nones; Ful byg he was of brawn, and eek of bones. That proved wel, for over al ther he cam, At wrastlynge he wolde have alwey the ram. He was short-sholdred, brood, a thikke knarre; Norton, 545-549. Although he is said to possess extraordinary strength, he is described in a derogatory manner as we read the passage. It seems that he is more of a brawl-initiator than a hero. The man wrestles for the ram, probably a prize awarded at such matches, clearly a peasant pastime. Even initially, it does not seem like we are dealing with a highly sophisticated person here. Actually, the Miller does use his head! I only hope he does so in rare instances for the author mentions that "ther was no dore that he nolde heve of harre, / or breke it at a rennyng with his heed" (Norton, 550-551). There you have it. Our hero engages in heaving doors off their hinges or breaking them down with his head. But do ... ...nded by. The Miller is, in fact, described as the scum of society, but he is necessary scum. Chaucer presents us with the facts of life, and whether we may think they are disgusting or unsuitable to be presented to us in such a blunt manner, they must be told, for they remain an undisputed piece of the Middle-English pie. Sources Abrams, M. H. and Greenblatt, Stephen. eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. W.W. Norton & Company: New York, 2000. Sumner, Laura. "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell." Smith College Studies in Modern Languages. V, No.4: Mass., 1924. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/CT-prolog-para.html,10/24/00. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/canterbury/, 10/24/00. http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/canterbury/,10/24/00. http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/canterbury/tale1.html, 10/24/00.

Management Robert Owen and Richard Branson

Intoduction It is said that management principles can be traced back as far as 5000 years, which has provided considerable amount of time to refine and develop these principles into efficient and successful ideologies. Throughout history, management practise has evolved thanks to a number of pioneers who have veered away from the norm to revolutionise views on what it means to be a good and efficacious manager. Both Robert Owen and Richard Branson can be seen as frontrunners of their time, performing feats in the realm of management that nobody before them would have dared to have even considered.Robert_Owen? Robert Owen was born in Newtown in Wales, United Kingdom. During his life he managed to improve well-being, education and rights of the working class. His driving ambition to create a better society made him a successful manufacturer and an important pioneer of Modern Management. ?†The most important experiment for the happiness of the human race that has yet been institut ed in any part of the world†1 [Owen, 1801] started when Robert Owen bought the New Lanark Mills in 1801.Under his management the New Lanark became a model community which was driving towards prosperity and making progress through the new technology. He was considered a kind man, who treated his employees very well. Owen highlighted the importance of education; he believed that knowledge is a useful skill that could release working class children from hunger and poverty. Thus New Lanark was the first place in the world that had an Infant School. This allowed parents to keep on working and created the opportunity for wider education provision, including evening classes for workers.He also introduced better working conditions for children; children under ten were not allowed to work in the village and no children were allowed to work for longer than 10 hours a day. Moreover he raised the minimum wage for child labour, raised wages for adults, reduced working hours and provided al l the employees with free medical care. Robert Owen always kept proper business records; these included daily and weekly measurement of productivity, output and stocks. A novel technique was used to control the employees; multicolored pieces of wood hung beside every worker.Each color indicated the previous day's quality of work. Everyone around was able to see this measure of employees performance, this piece of wood works as a good motivator towards quality performance, as people did not want to be embarrassed by everyone being able to see that they had worked to a poor standard. ?Even though Robert Owen had no formal university education his progressive moral views and entrepreneurial skills made his contribution to the modern management theory inestimable. What ideas individuals may attach to the term â€Å"Millennium† I know not; but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty, with health greatly improved, with little, if any misery, and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundredfold; and no obstacle whatsoever intervenes at this moment except ignorance to prevent such a state of society from becoming universal. †2[Owen, 1816] Sir Richard Branson Sir Richard Branson was born in Blackheath, London in 1950.He studied at Stowe school and throughout his childhood struggled with dyslexia, and failed to do well at school, but by the age of 16, after dropping out of school, and a few failed attempts at selling Christmas trees and budgerigars, he had already taken his first steps to becoming a successful pioneer when he launched a magazine called ‘Student’ 3[Ahmed, 2011], which ran articles about prominent politicians, famous rock stars and different celebrities of the time.This turned out to just be the start of a successful entrepreneurial career, and he has now founded ‘Virgin Group Ltd. ’ which consists of more than 400 companies, ranging from airlines to mobile phone networ ks, employing over 50,000 people. Having started as a teenager, struggling to find his way into the business world, he is now worth about three billion pounds sterling, and is one of the most outstanding innovators in the world. Despite being renowned for promoting an extremely tranquil working environment, Richard Branson is a follower of F.W. Taylor, who proposed the ‘Scientific Management Theory’, which attempts to increase economic efficiency and productivity in the workplace by applying a scientific element to management, and Sir Richard Branson is known to apply some of Taylors ‘Scientific Management’ theories to his own style. Taylor was also known to reward staff with higher payment based on results, as an attempt to boost motivation, which Branson has also exercised by paying and rewarding employees based on performance and their ability to show signs of creative thinking. [Anon] Sir Richard Branson implements a style of a Theory Y manger in Dougla s McGregor’s theory5 [McGregor, 1960] which states that there are two types of manager: Theory X styled manager- Believes that the average employee dislikes works and only works because they have to earn money, therefore they need to be threatened with punishments in order to be motivated, and directed strictly, without any room for delegated responsibility.A Theory X styled manager believes that money is most important to the employee. Theory Y styled manager (Sir Richard Branson)- Believes that employees are more motivated when they have more self-control and can apply their own skills and creativity in the workplace. States that most employees want to do well and self-actualisation what motivates them, as oppose to financial gain. [Taylor, 2013] Richard Branson believes that by creating a relaxed working environment, and by trusting his managers and employees with responsibility, that his staff will consequently be enjoy their work, work better as a team, and therefore be more motivated as they will be achieving the Self-Actualisation level and Social level on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and therefore enhance the performance of the workforce, and resultantly the performance of Virgin.In the advancement of his management thinking, Virgin Group Ltd created a centralised website which endeavoured to link up all of the Virgin Group companies, and created a central hub, as previously they worked separately, so he therefore attempting to promote teamwork and build human relationships within the firm, allowing employees to communicate and information to be pooled and collected. Comparison and Contrast between Owen and Branson Despite being from entirely different eras, Owen and Branson exude many similar qualities; most notably in that they both believe that the key to success lies in the treatment of their employees. Having a personality of caring about people is important. You can’t be a good leader unless you generally like people. That is how you bring out the best in them. †7[Branson, 2011] It is clear that both men care greatly for their employees; Branson gives all employees his personal phone number, so that should they have any problems they can contract him directly, rather than having to go through Human Resources. Many managers would not identify with this and would rather their employees suffer in silence. Branson also claims to attempt to respond to as any emails as he can every day, â€Å"Recalling a time when [he] was just starting out and needed advice, [he tries] to respond to as many reader emails as [he] can. †8 . [Branson, 2011] Branson claims: â€Å"People don’t leave their jobs through lack of pay – they leave because they aren’t valued. Many companies leave people in boxes; encourage them to be adaptable and innovative. †9 [Branson, 2011] Owen exhibited his consideration for his employees in a very different way, but with the same aim of achieving employee happiness.Having to work in a grocery shop himself from the age of 8, Owen realised the harm of child labour and seeked to stop it in his later life. In 1815 he persuaded supporters in parliament to put forward a bill on child labour. While this bill did not have as much success as Owen hoped, as many mill owners fought against the proposition, Owen was an instigator in improving the lives of child workers. He also improved welfare standards for older workers, shortening working hours and increasing wages. Eight hours' daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper arrangements sufficient to afford an ample supply of food, raiment and shelter, or the necessaries and comforts of life, and for the remainder of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and sleep†. 10[Owen, 1833] Branson and Owen’s methods of achieving employee happiness were highly influenced by the times they were working in. In Owen’s time, most working conditions were poor and wages were low, so simply by improving these factors employees would instantly become happier.In the current day there is a huge range of jobs with all ranges of wages, and many regulations in place to ensure employee welfare. Therefore, to appeal to his employees, Branson realised that a more personal approach was necessary, hence allowing his employees to contact him directly. Companies are a lot larger these days than in the early 19th Century when Owen was working, so being able to have a personal relationship with the head of a company is much rarer in this day and age.Both pioneers identified the most effective way of attaining contentment from their employees in the environment they were living in. Both Branson and Owen were pioneers of their time, achieving what many believed impossible. Despite leaving school at the age of 16 and being diagnosed with Dyslexia, Branson has risen above the odds and is responsible for starting over 400 companies, most famous for establishing Virgin, which ranges from record shops to airlines.No other manager in history has been at the helm of such a large business empire, and before Branson, it is doubtable that anyone would have thought it possible. Owen, on the other hand, was more of a pioneer in the domain of welfare than the extensiveness of his company, providing above and beyond what would be expected of a manager of his time, from nurseries to children to evening classes for adults. While, at the time, most managers would see these initiatives as an unnecessary expense, Owen’s cotton mills became very successful businesses with healthy, content employees.Quite possibly, were it not for Owen identifying how much success can come to a manager who treats his employees well, Branson may not have realised the importance of having such good relationships with his employees which could be seen as the key to his success. One of the main contrasts between Richard Branson and Robert Owen are their view s on education. Owen believed that education was one of the most important factors in a company; the better the education of the employees, the better employees they are. To train and educate the rising generation will at all times be the first object of society, to which every other will be subordinate†. 11[Owen, 1826] Owen provided schooling for employees and their children, putting children’s education ahead of their contribution to his company. Branson, on the other hand left school himself at 16 and hasn’t looked back. ‘Richard Branson, founder and chairman of London-based Virgin Group, didn’t breeze through school. In fact, school was something of a nightmare for him. His scores on standardized tests were dismal, initially pointing to a similar future.Despite the difficulties and challenges posed by his acknowledged dyslexia, his gifted interpersonal and business talents drove him to succeed. ’12[Anon] In contrast to Owen’s belief s, Branson is proof that education is not necessarily an important factor in success. Furthermore, Richard Branson believes that â€Å"work should not be a chore and should be fun. You want to have fun at home; why shouldn't you have fun at work†13[Branson, 2011]. Owen also considered leisure and recreation important. He arranged concerts and dancing evenings for the benefit of community.However, even though both pioneers think of fun as an important part of working life, Robert Owen used a stricter approach to management and was a strong believer in discipline, for example by keeping track of employees behaviour by the aforementioned multicolored pieces of wood and disciplining those who repeatedly showed low performance. To conclude, Branson and Owen are and were strong pioneers of their time, who shared many values. Managers could learn ample from both men, especially when it comes to employee relationships.In general, it is indispensable that modern day managers consider how successful pioneers such as Owen and Branson apply and practise management theory, as it shows the outcome of different particular methods and techniques, in this pairs case; high levels of success. For example, Douglas McGregor stated that he believed that a Theory Y manager would be more successful at motivating their employees than a Theory X, and Sir Richard Branson was almost certainly a Theory Y manager, so a modern manager can consider whether the method that pioneer practised was positively effective or not.President Gordon B. Hinckley taught: â€Å"It is good to look to the past to gain appreciation for the present and perspective for the future. It is good to look upon the virtues of those who have gone before, to gain strength for whatever lies ahead. It is good to reflect upon the work of those who laboured so hard and gained so little in this world, but out of whose dreams and early plans, so well nurtured, has come a great harvest of which we are the beneficiaries † [Ensign, 1984]. 14